The World Bank views good governance and anti-corruption as central to its poverty alleviation mission. Nowadays, hundreds of governance and anti-corruption activities are taking place throughout the World Bank Group.
bron: World Bank, World Bank and Anti-corruption, http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/ geraadpleegd op 24 maart 2005.
Anti corruptie beleid impliceert dat er corruptie heeft plaatsgevonden binnen de organisatie of bij de projecten, anders hoef je er geen beleid tegen te voeren om iets te bestrijden.
The Extractive Industries Review (EIR) was launched by the World Bank Group in 2002 in response to NGO complaints about the negative impacts of mining and oil/gas projects. Within the framework of the EIR, the WB Group discusses its future role in the extractive industries with concerned stakeholders. The aim of the independent review is to produce a set of recommendations that will guide the World Bank Group's involvement in the oil, gas and mining sectors.
bron: Bank Watch, Extractive Industries Review, http://www.bankwatch.org/issues/wb-imf/eir/meir.html, geraadpleegd op 22 maart 2005
In het EIR rapport bespreekt dhr Salim de rol van de Wereld Bank in de 'extractive industries'
Hieruit blijkt dat er in 2002 een omslag heeft plaatsgevonden. Uit de kant van de 'civiel society' is geklaagd over het beleid van de Wereldbank hoe zij dit in de praktijk uitvoeren.
Dhr Salim zegt hierover:
I accepted this task with full confidence that the WBG is genuinely willing to move away from a conventional 'business as usual' approach into sustainable development, which was the focus of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This means mainstreaming economic, social, and environmental considerations into sustainable development'with the alleviation of poverty as 'the economic goal, the enhancement of human rights as the social goal, and the conservation of the ecological life-support system as the environmental goal.
bron: Emil Salim, Striking a better balance; the final report of the Extractive Industries Review, The world bank group and extractive industries, december 2003. (http://www.worldbank.org/ogmc/files/eirreport/volume1english.pdf) geraadpleegd 22 maart 2005
Hierbij geeft hij aan dat ze van een 'gewone bedrijfsvoering' willen overgaan op een duurzame aanpak, rekening houdend met bv mensenrechten en het milieu.
Bankwatch geeft de volgende aanbevelingen:
Bankwatch has actively participated in the EIR with the objective of improving the Bank´s standards for its environmental and social performance. The independent review released in November 2003 recommends that the Bank undertakes the following changes:
De aanbevingen: (staat niet geciteerd)
Governance
Strengthen governance first so that countries are able to withstand the risks of major extractive developments. Develop explicit governance criteria, transparently and in a participatory manner, which should be met before investments for the extractives industry.
Pro-Poor Policies
Help client countries assess the advantages and disadvantages of the oil, gas, and mining sectors compared with other development options and undertake a comprehensive options assessment before a project is supported.
Support projects that benefit all affected local groups, including vulnerable ethnic minorities, women and the poorest.
Provide an equitable share of the revenues to local communities.
Ensure that poverty reduction plans are in place prior to project start
Support projects with voluntary resettlement and resettled groups must be substantially better off
Ensure that public health services associated with projects are available to all in the vicinity
Require health impact assessments to be conducted during project preparation
Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples
Develop system-wide policy integrating human rights into the Safeguard Policies and establish a human rights unit
IFC/MIGA should assess human rights records of sponsor companies prior to involvement
Endorse and comply with all four core labor standards
Ensure that borrowers and clients engage in consent processes with indigenous peoples and local communities directly affected by oil, gas, and mining projects, to obtain their free prior and informed consent
All agreements with indigenous people and affected communities should be covenanted in project agreements/contracts
Ensure that the revised Indigenous Peoples policy is consistent with international law and agreed upon by consensus of Indigenous Peoples
Convene a legal roundtable discussion prior to approval of new indigenous peoples policy
No support for extractive industries in areas of conflict or at high risk of conflict
Ensure that local grievance mechanism is in place for all extractive industry projects
Environment
Increase support of renewable energy lending by 20% annually
Ban the use of riverine tailings and suspend all support for projects with submarine tailings pending outcome of independent studies
Develop tailings criteria and should revise its cyanide guidelines to be more consistent with UN, EU guidelines and minimize support for mines using toxins, like cyanide, and promote safer substitutes
Clarify ban on financing of extractive industry in protected areas as defined by UN, Natural Habitats Policy, or as designated by national or local governments
Use safe, modern and well run vessels to carry oil or hazardous cargoes
Establish clear guidelines on mine closures and condition financing on the set-aside of sufficient closure funds, which should be ring-fenced even after the World Bank Group's exit
Emergency response plans should be in place at project outset and conform to best practices
Disclosure and Transparency
Disclosure of (revenue) payments on company and government level
Vigorously pursue revenue transparency at country and company level
Disclosure of : project contracts and agreements, like IPAs, HGAs, PSAs, PPAs; monitoring documents, economic, financial, environmental and social assessments.
Environmental and social obligations should be covenanted in loan and project agreements and those should be disclosed
Documents should be made available in local languages, in a timely and culturally appropriate manner
Produce and disclose a net benefit analysis for all projects
Establish an information ombudsman to oversee application of the disclosure policy and decisions about confidentiality
Institutional and Procedural Changes
Phase-out support for oil by 2008, and formalize its moratorium on lending for coal projects immediately.
Require comprehensive Environmental and Social Impact Assessments, including health impacts, for all policy lending affecting the extractive industry sectors in countries with significant EI or anticipated growth in EI sectors
All extractive industry projects should be classified as Category A except where there is a compelling reasons to the contrary
Create staff incentives to ensure safeguard policy compliance and achieve poverty alleviation impacts
Increase the number of staff trained as human rights, social, environmental specialists
Involve environmental, social, human rights and poverty specialists early in project cycle
Als het allemaal al zo goed was, had de Bankwatch bovenstaande aanbevelingen niet hoeven te doen
