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Pharmacology
Main article: gamma-hydroxybutyrate#Pharmacology
GBL is not active in its own right, its mechanism of action stems from its identity as a prodrug of GHB.
The hypnotic effect of GHB is enhanced by combination with alcohol. A 2003 rat study showed that GBL in combination with ethanol showed a potentiated hypnotic effect, as the sleep-timing measure was longer than both of the individual components combined.[3]
[edit] Pharmacokinetics
GBL is rapidly converted into GHB by lactonase enzymes found in the blood.GBL is more lipophilic (fat soluble) than GHB, and so is absorbed faster and has higher bioavailability; the paradox is that this can mean that GBL has a faster onset of effects than GHB itself, even though it is a prodrug. The levels of lactonase enzyme can vary between individuals, and GBL is not active in its own right, so people who have never tried GBL before may have delayed or fewer effects than expected; however, once someone has taken GBL a few times, the production of lactonase enzymes is increased and he/she will feel the effects as normal.
Because of these pharmacokinetic differences, GBL tends to be more potent and faster-acting than GHB, but has a shorter duration; whereas the related compound 1,4-butanediol (1,4-
tends to be slightly less potent, slower to take effect but longer-acting than GHB.